BRAIN DRAIN

«A recent study by Docquier and Marfouk (2006) has estimated that Portugal is one of the 30 countries in the world most affected by the brain drain of its university-educated workers (more precisely, of all the countries with more than 4 million people). Hence, since the 1990s, Portugal has “exported” about one fifth of its university graduate workers, a rate that puts us at par (in relative terms) with countries such as Afghanistan, Togo, Malawi, and the Dominican Republic (see table below).»